How to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Understanding Your Personal Risk

In Singapore, the Health Promotion Board (HPB) recommends colorectal cancer screening schedules based on individual risk profiles. Understanding your personal risk can support you in taking timely action to protect your colon health.

Average-Risk Individuals

Adults with no significant personal or family history of colorectal cancer are considered at average risk. Screening should begin at age 50 with one of two options: a Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) every year, or ideally a colonoscopy every 5 to 10 years.

High-Risk Individuals

For those at higher risk, screenings should begin earlier and occur more frequently. The schedule depends on specific risk factors:

• Family History: If a first-degree relative was diagnosed at age 60 or younger, or if you have two or more affected relatives, you should begin screening 10 years earlier than the youngest affected relative, or at age 40, whichever is sooner. A colonoscopy every five years is recommended.
• Personal History of Polyps: Individuals with colorectal polyps that have high-risk features should have a follow-up colonoscopy one to three years after polyp removal. For lower-risk polyps, screenings are advised every three to five years.
• History of Colorectal Cancer: After surgery for colorectal cancer, a colonoscopy is generally recommended one year post-operation, with subsequent screenings every one to three years.

5 Ways to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

While some risk factors for colorectal cancer cannot be changed, there are practical steps you can take to lower your risk and protect your colon health. Here are five effective ways to prevent or reduce the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.

1. Undergo Regular Screening

Colorectal cancer often develops silently over many years from precancerous polyps, providing a valuable window for prevention long before symptoms appear. Because early stages rarely cause noticeable signs, symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss usually indicate more advanced disease.

Regular screening allows these issues to be detected early, helping to:

• Remove precancerous polyps, preventing their progression to cancer
• Identify early-stage cancers, when treatment is most effective and least invasive
• Spot other abnormalities, such as inflammation or sources of bleeding

Colonoscopy is regarded as a reliable method of colorectal cancer screening. To learn more about colonoscopy and preparation, visit this website.

2. Adopt a High-Fibre Diet

Eating a fibre-rich diet from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables supports digestive health and helps lower colorectal cancer risk. Aim for 25–30g of fibre daily by including at least five servings of fruits and vegetables.

Limiting processed and red meats is also important, as the World Health Organization classifies them as carcinogenic. Choosing plant-based or lean protein sources can further reduce risk.

3. Stay Physically Active

Regular exercise improves bowel function and reduces inflammation, both of which contribute to a healthier colon. To reduce your risk, aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week, such as brisk walking, swimming or cycling. Consistent physical activity is a simple yet powerful way to support your overall health.

4. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity is strongly linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Carrying excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, can lead to chronic inflammation and hormonal changes that promote cancer growth. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and consistent physical activity is key to managing this risk.

5. Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking

Both excessive alcohol consumption and smoking are major, modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer. When combined, they can further increase risk. If you smoke or drink regularly, consider support programs to help you quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake, protecting your long-term colon health.

Warning Signs to Watch For

Early-stage colorectal cancer often presents no symptoms, which makes regular screening crucial. However, it is important to be alert for the following signs, as they could indicate a problem:

• Blood in your stool (rectal bleeding)
• Persistent changes in your bowel habits
• Abdominal pain or cramping that does not go away
• Unexplained weight loss
• Chronic fatigue

If you experience any of these symptoms or are in a high-risk category, it is important to seek a consultation. Colorectal Specialist Dr Ho Kok Sun provides professional assessment and guidance to help you understand your condition and determine the appropriate next steps. Contact us today to book an appointment.