Colonoscopy Screening: What to Expect and Why It Matters

Why Colonoscopy Screening Matters

Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second most common among women in Singapore. While it is prevalent, colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early through regular screening.

Colonoscopy is considered a reliable method of colorectal screening due to its accuracy and dual purpose. This minimally invasive procedure uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) to examine the inner lining of the colon and rectum. During a colonoscopy, doctors can identify and address:

• Polyps
• Inflammation
• Tumours
• Ulcers
• Sources of bleeding

Early detection of these issues plays a vital role in protecting long-term digestive health and significantly improves treatment outcomes.

Who Should Get Screened?

The Health Promotion Board recommends that all Singaporeans aged 50 and above undergo regular colorectal cancer screening. Screening can be done with a faecal immunochemical test once a year for early detection of hidden blood in stool, or with a colonoscopy every 10 years for average-risk individuals. Regular screening not only aids in early detection but also helps to prevent cancer by identifying and removing precancerous polyps before they can develop.

Individuals with specific risk factors, however, are advised to undergo screening earlier and more frequently. These risk factors include:

• Personal or Family History:

  Genetic factors can significantly increase your risk if a parent, sibling or other close relative has had colorectal polyps or cancer.

• History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):

  Conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis require closer monitoring due to an increased risk over time.

• Concerning Symptoms:

  Symptoms such as blood in stool, persistent abdominal pain or noticeable changes in bowel habits warrant prompt screening, regardless of age.

Preparing for a Colonoscopy

Knowing what to expect before a colonoscopy can help ease any concerns and ensure the procedure goes smoothly. Our colorectal surgeon, Dr Ho, typically recommends the following steps:

• Low-Fibre Diet (3-5 Days Before):

  Switch to easily digestible foods that leave minimal residue, such as white rice, lean meat and well-cooked vegetables. Avoid high-fibre foods like whole grains, nuts, seeds and raw vegetables.

• Clear Liquid Diet (Day Before):

  Consume only clear liquids such as water, clear juices, broth or tea to keep the digestive tract clean. Additionally, avoid red or purple liquids, as these may interfere with visibility.

• Bowel-Cleansing Solution (Night Before & Morning Of):

  Take the prescribed laxatives or bowel preparation solution exactly as instructed to clean your colon thoroughly. This step is crucial for accurate examination.

• Fasting (At Least 6 Hours Before):

  Do not eat or drink for at least six hours before your procedure to ensure an empty stomach. This is especially important for your safety, as the procedure is performed under anaesthesia.

• Medication Adjustments:

  You might need to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, temporarily, which could increase risks during the procedure. Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements you are currently taking.

What to Expect During the Procedure

The procedure is usually performed under sedation to keep you comfortable. During the colonoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is gently inserted through the rectum to examine the entire colon. If polyps or abnormal tissue are detected, they can be removed or biopsied immediately for further testing.

The process typically takes 20 to 30 minutes, and most patients can go home the same day. However, due to the lingering effects of sedation, it is best to arrange for someone to accompany you and help with transportation.

Risks and Complications

While a colonoscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, there are potential (though rare) complications. These include bleeding, particularly if a polyp is removed, perforation of the colon wall, and an adverse reaction to the sedatives used.

Experienced medical teams ensure patients are fully counselled about these risks and are monitored closely during and after the procedure to ensure their safety.

Benefits of Colonoscopy Screening

A colonoscopy is a proactive and effective way to safeguard your digestive health. It gives you a clear picture of your colon’s condition, helping to ease concerns and enabling you to take control of your health with confidence.

• Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer:

  A colonoscopy can detect cancer at its earliest, most treatable stages, which greatly improves survival rates and treatment outcomes.

• Prevention Through Polyp Removal:

  Precancerous polyps can be identified and removed during the procedure, which can prevent them from ever developing into cancer.

• Accurate Diagnosis of Symptoms:

  The procedure provides a clear view of the colon, helping to accurately diagnose the cause of symptoms like rectal bleeding, abdominal pain or unexplained changes in bowel habits.

At Ho Kok Sun Colorectal, our experienced team offers a safe, patient-focused approach to screening. If you are at risk, experiencing symptoms, or simply seeking preventive care, contact our clinic today to determine the best screening schedule for your needs.